Module org.hsqldb

Class Server

  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    Notified, HsqlSocketRequestHandler
    Direct Known Subclasses:
    WebServer

    public class Server
    extends java.lang.Object
    implements HsqlSocketRequestHandler, Notified
    The HyperSQL hsql: and hsqls: protocol network database server.

    A Server object acts as a network database server and is one way of using the client-server mode of HSQLDB Database Engine. Instances of this class handle native HSQL protocol connections exclusively, allowing database queries to be performed efficiently across the network. Server's direct descendant, WebServer, handles HTTP protocol connections exclusively, allowing HSQL protocol to be tunnelled over HTTP to avoid sandbox and firewall issues, albeit less efficiently.

    There are a number of ways to configure and start a Server instance.

    When started from the command line or programatically via the main(String[]) method, configuration occurs in three phases, with later phases overriding properties set by previous phases:

    1. Upon construction, a Server object is assigned a set of default properties.
    2. If it exists, properties are loaded from a file named 'server.properties' in the present working directory.
    3. The command line arguments (alternatively, the String[] passed to main()) are parsed and used to further configure the Server's properties.

    From the command line, the options are as follows:

     +-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------------------+
     |    OPTION       |    TYPE     | DEFAULT  |         DESCRIPTION          |
     +-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------------------|
     | --help          |             |          | prints this message          |
     | --address       | name|number | any      | server inet address          |
     | --port          | number      | 9001/544 | port at which server listens |
     | --database.i    | [type]spec  | 0=test   | path of database i           |
     | --dbname.i      | alias       |          | url alias for database i     |
     | --silent        | true|false  | true     | false => display all queries |
     | --trace         | true|false  | false    | display JDBC trace messages  |
     | --tls           | true|false  | false    | TLS/SSL (secure) sockets     |
     | --no_system_exit| true|false  | false    | do not issue System.exit()   |
     | --remote_open   | true|false  | false    | can open databases remotely  |
     | --props         | filepath    |          | file path of properties file |
     +-----------------+-------------+----------+------------------------------+
     
    The database.i and dbname.i options need further explanation:
    • Multiple databases can be served by each instance of the Server. The value of i is currently limited to the range 0..9, allowing up to 10 different databases. Any number is this range can be used.
    • The value assigned to database.i is interpreted using the format '[type]spec', where the optional type component is one of 'file:', 'res:' or 'mem:' and the spec component is interpreted in the context of the type component.

      If omitted, the type component is taken to be 'file:'.

      A full description of how '[type]spec' values are interpreted appears in the overview for JDBCConnection.

    • The value assigned to dbname.i is taken to be the key used to look up the desired database instance and thus corresponds to the <alias> component of the HSQLDB HSQL protocol database connection url: 'jdbc:hsqldb:hsql[s]://host[port][/<alias>]'.
    • The value of database.0 is special. If dbname.0 is not specified, then this defaults to an empty string and a connection is made to database.0 path when the <alias> component of an HSQLDB HSQL protocol database connection url is omitted. If a database key/value pair is found in the properties when the main method is called, this pair is supersedes the database.0 setting

      This behaviour allows the previous database connection url format to work with essentially unchanged semantics.

    • When the remote_open property is true, a connection attempt to an unopened database results in the database being opened. The URL for connection should include the property filepath to specify the path. 'jdbc:hsqldb:hsql[s]://host[port]/<alias>;filepath=hsqldb:file:<database path>'. the given alias and filepath value will be associated together. The database user and password to start this connection must be valid. If this form of connection is used again, after the database has been opened, the filepath property is ignored.
    • Once an alias such as "mydb" has been associated with a path, it cannot be reassigned to a different path.
    • If a database is closed with the SHUTDOWN command, its alias is removed. It is then possible to connect to this database again with a different (or the same) alias.
    • If the same database is connected to via two different aliases, and then one of the is closed with the SHUTDOWN command, the other is also closed.

    From the 'server.properties' file, options can be set similarly, using a slightly different format.

    Here is an example 'server.properties' file:

     server.port=9001
     server.database.0=test
     server.dbname.0=...
     ...
     server.database.n=...
     server.dbname.n=...
     server.silent=true
     
    Starting with 1.7.2, Server has been refactored to become a simple JavaBean with non-blocking start() and stop() service methods. It is possible to configure a Server instance through the JavaBean API as well, but this part of the public interface is still under review and will not be finalized or documented fully until the final 1.7.2 release.

    Note:

    The 'no_system_exit' property is of particular interest.

    If a Server instance is to run embedded in, say, an application server, such as when the JDBCDataSource or HsqlServerFactory classes are used, it is typically necessary to avoid calling System.exit() when the Server instance shuts down.

    By default, 'no_system_exit' is set:

    1. true when a Server is started directly from the start() method.
    2. false when a Server is started from the main(String[]) method.

    These values are natural to their context because the first case allows the JVM to exit by default on Server shutdown when a Server instance is started from a command line environment, whereas the second case prevents a typically unwanted JVM exit on Server shutdown when a Server instance is started as part of a larger framework.

    Since:
    1.7.2
    Author:
    Fred Toussi (fredt@users dot sourceforge.net)
    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors 
      Constructor Description
      Server()
      Creates a new Server instance handling HSQL protocol connections.
    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      void checkRunning​(boolean running)
      Checks if this Server object is or is not running and throws if the current state does not match the specified value.
      java.lang.String getAddress()
      Retrieves, in string form, this server's host address.
      java.lang.String getDatabaseName​(int index, boolean asconfigured)
      Retrieves the url alias (network name) of the i'th database that this Server hosts.
      java.lang.String getDatabasePath​(int index, boolean asconfigured)
      Retrieves the HSQLDB path descriptor (uri) of the i'th Database that this Server hosts.
      java.lang.String getDatabaseType​(int index)  
      java.lang.String getDefaultWebPage()
      Retrieves the name of the web page served when no page is specified.
      java.io.PrintWriter getErrWriter()
      Retrieves the PrintWriter to which server errors are printed.
      java.lang.String getHelpString()
      Retrieves a String object describing the command line and properties options for this Server.
      java.io.PrintWriter getLogWriter()
      Retrieves the PrintWriter to which server messages are printed.
      int getPort()
      Retrieves this server's host port.
      java.lang.String getProductName()
      Retrieves this server's product name.
      java.lang.String getProductVersion()
      Retrieves the server's product version, as a String.
      java.lang.String getProtocol()
      Retrieves a string resresentaion of the network protocol this server offers, typically one of 'HTTP', HTTPS', 'HSQL' or 'HSQLS'.
      java.lang.Throwable getServerError()
      Retrieves a Throwable indicating the last server error, if any.
      java.lang.String getServerId()
      Retrieves a String identifying this Server object.
      java.lang.Thread getServerThread()
      Returns thread object for "HSQLDB Server" thread
      int getState()
      Retrieves current state of this server in numerically coded form.
      java.lang.String getStateDescriptor()
      Retrieves a character sequence describing this server's current state, including the message of the last exception, if there is one and it is still in context.
      java.lang.String getWebRoot()
      Retrieves the root context (directory) from which web content is served.
      void handleConnection​(java.net.Socket s)
      Assigns the specified socket to a new connection handler and starts the handler in a new Thread.
      boolean isNoSystemExit()
      Retrieves whether this server calls System.exit() when shutdown.
      boolean isNotRunning()
      Returns true if this server is not running
      boolean isRestartOnShutdown()
      Retrieves whether this server restarts on shutdown.
      boolean isSilent()
      Retrieves whether silent mode operation was requested in the server properties.
      boolean isTls()
      Retrieves whether the use of secure sockets was requested in the server properties.
      boolean isTrace()
      Retrieves whether JDBC trace messages are to go to System.out or the DriverManger PrintStream/PrintWriter, if any.
      static void main​(java.lang.String[] args)
      Creates and starts a new Server.
      void notify​(int id)
      This is called from org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager when a database is shutdown.
      boolean putPropertiesFromFile​(java.lang.String path)
      Attempts to put properties from the file with the specified path.
      boolean putPropertiesFromFile​(java.lang.String path, java.lang.String extension)
      Attempts to put properties from the file with given extension.
      void putPropertiesFromString​(java.lang.String s)
      Puts properties from the supplied string argument.
      void setAddress​(java.lang.String address)
      Sets the InetAddress with which this server's ServerSocket will be constructed.
      void setDaemon​(boolean daemon)
      No-op as deprecated.
      void setDatabaseName​(int index, java.lang.String name)
      Sets the external name (url alias) of the i'th hosted database.
      void setDatabasePath​(int index, java.lang.String path)
      Sets the path of the hosted database.
      void setDefaultWebPage​(java.lang.String file)
      Sets the name of the web page served when no page is specified.
      void setErrWriter​(java.io.PrintWriter pw)
      Sets the PrintWriter to which server errors are logged.
      void setLogWriter​(java.io.PrintWriter pw)
      Sets the PrintWriter to which server messages are logged.
      void setNoSystemExit​(boolean noExit)
      Sets whether this server calls System.exit() when shutdown.
      void setPort​(int port)
      Sets the server listen port.
      void setProperties​(java.util.Properties props)
      Sets server properties using the specified properties object
      void setProperties​(org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlProperties props)
      Sets server properties using the specified HsqlProperties object
      void setRestartOnShutdown​(boolean restart)
      Sets whether this server restarts on shutdown.
      void setSilent​(boolean silent)
      Sets silent mode operation
      void setTls​(boolean tls)
      Sets whether to use secure sockets
      void setTrace​(boolean trace)
      Sets whether trace messages go to System.out or the DriverManger PrintStream/PrintWriter, if any.
      void setWebRoot​(java.lang.String root)
      Sets the path of the root directory from which web content is served.
      void shutdown()
      External method to shut down this server.
      void shutdownCatalogs​(int shutdownMode)
      Shuts down all the database served by this server.
      void shutdownWithCatalogs​(int shutdownMode)
      Shuts down this server and all the database served by this server.
      void signalCloseAllServerConnections()
      Closes all connections to this Server.
      int start()
      Starts this server synchronously.
      int stop()
      Stops this server asynchronously.
      • Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

        equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
    • Constructor Detail

      • Server

        public Server()
        Creates a new Server instance handling HSQL protocol connections.
    • Method Detail

      • getServerThread

        public java.lang.Thread getServerThread()
        Returns thread object for "HSQLDB Server" thread
        Returns:
        thread
      • checkRunning

        public void checkRunning​(boolean running)
        Checks if this Server object is or is not running and throws if the current state does not match the specified value.
        Parameters:
        running - if true, ensure the server is running, else ensure the server is not running
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if the supplied value does not match the current running status
      • isNotRunning

        public boolean isNotRunning()
        Returns true if this server is not running
        Returns:
        boolean
      • getAddress

        public java.lang.String getAddress()
        Retrieves, in string form, this server's host address.
        Returns:
        this server's host address
      • getDatabaseName

        public java.lang.String getDatabaseName​(int index,
                                                boolean asconfigured)
        Retrieves the url alias (network name) of the i'th database that this Server hosts.
        Parameters:
        index - the index of the url alias upon which to report
        asconfigured - if true, report the configured value, else the live value
        Returns:
        the url alias component of the i'th database that this Server hosts, or null if no such name exists.
      • getDatabasePath

        public java.lang.String getDatabasePath​(int index,
                                                boolean asconfigured)
        Retrieves the HSQLDB path descriptor (uri) of the i'th Database that this Server hosts.
        Parameters:
        index - the index of the uri upon which to report
        asconfigured - if true, report the configured value, else the live value
        Returns:
        the HSQLDB database path descriptor of the i'th database that this Server hosts, or null if no such path descriptor exists
      • getDatabaseType

        public java.lang.String getDatabaseType​(int index)
      • getDefaultWebPage

        public java.lang.String getDefaultWebPage()
        Retrieves the name of the web page served when no page is specified. This attribute is relevant only when server protocol is HTTP(S).
        Returns:
        the name of the web page served when no page is specified
      • getHelpString

        public java.lang.String getHelpString()
        Retrieves a String object describing the command line and properties options for this Server.
        Returns:
        the command line and properties options help for this Server
      • getErrWriter

        public java.io.PrintWriter getErrWriter()
        Retrieves the PrintWriter to which server errors are printed.
        Returns:
        the PrintWriter to which server errors are printed.
      • getLogWriter

        public java.io.PrintWriter getLogWriter()
        Retrieves the PrintWriter to which server messages are printed.
        Returns:
        the PrintWriter to which server messages are printed.
      • getPort

        public int getPort()
        Retrieves this server's host port.
        Returns:
        this server's host port
      • getProductName

        public java.lang.String getProductName()
        Retrieves this server's product name.

        Typically, this will be something like: "HSQLDB xxx server".

        Returns:
        the product name of this server
      • getProductVersion

        public java.lang.String getProductVersion()
        Retrieves the server's product version, as a String.

        Typically, this will be something like: "1.x.x" or "2.x.x" and so on.

        Returns:
        the product version of the server
      • getProtocol

        public java.lang.String getProtocol()
        Retrieves a string resresentaion of the network protocol this server offers, typically one of 'HTTP', HTTPS', 'HSQL' or 'HSQLS'.
        Returns:
        string representation of this server's protocol
      • getServerError

        public java.lang.Throwable getServerError()
        Retrieves a Throwable indicating the last server error, if any.

        Returns:
        a Throwable indicating the last server error
      • getServerId

        public java.lang.String getServerId()
        Retrieves a String identifying this Server object.
        Returns:
        a String identifying this Server object
      • getState

        public int getState()
        Retrieves current state of this server in numerically coded form.

        Typically, this will be one of:

        1. ServerProperties.SERVER_STATE_ONLINE (1)
        2. ServerProperties.SERVER_STATE_OPENING (4)
        3. ServerProperties.SERVER_STATE_CLOSING (8)
        4. ServerProperties.SERVER_STATE_SHUTDOWN (16)
        Returns:
        this server's state code.
      • getStateDescriptor

        public java.lang.String getStateDescriptor()
        Retrieves a character sequence describing this server's current state, including the message of the last exception, if there is one and it is still in context.
        Returns:
        this server's state represented as a character sequence.
      • getWebRoot

        public java.lang.String getWebRoot()
        Retrieves the root context (directory) from which web content is served. This property is relevant only when the server protocol is HTTP(S). Although unlikely, it may be that in the future other contexts, such as jar urls may be supported, so that pages can be served from the contents of a jar or from the JVM class path.
        Returns:
        the root context (directory) from which web content is served
      • handleConnection

        public void handleConnection​(java.net.Socket s)
        Assigns the specified socket to a new connection handler and starts the handler in a new Thread.
        Specified by:
        handleConnection in interface HsqlSocketRequestHandler
        Parameters:
        s - the socket to connect
      • isNoSystemExit

        public boolean isNoSystemExit()
        Retrieves whether this server calls System.exit() when shutdown.
        Returns:
        true if this server does not call System.exit()
      • isRestartOnShutdown

        public boolean isRestartOnShutdown()
        Retrieves whether this server restarts on shutdown.
        Returns:
        true this server restarts on shutdown
      • isSilent

        public boolean isSilent()
        Retrieves whether silent mode operation was requested in the server properties.
        Returns:
        if true, silent mode was requested, else trace messages are to be printed
      • isTls

        public boolean isTls()
        Retrieves whether the use of secure sockets was requested in the server properties.
        Returns:
        if true, secure sockets are requested, else not
      • isTrace

        public boolean isTrace()
        Retrieves whether JDBC trace messages are to go to System.out or the DriverManger PrintStream/PrintWriter, if any.
        Returns:
        true if tracing is on (JDBC trace messages to system out)
      • putPropertiesFromFile

        public boolean putPropertiesFromFile​(java.lang.String path)
        Attempts to put properties from the file with the specified path. The file extension '.properties' is implicit and should not be included in the path specification.
        Parameters:
        path - the path of the desired properties file, without the '.properties' file extension
        Returns:
        true if the indicated file was read successfully, else false
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if this server is running
      • putPropertiesFromFile

        public boolean putPropertiesFromFile​(java.lang.String path,
                                             java.lang.String extension)
        Attempts to put properties from the file with given extension.
        Parameters:
        path - the path of the desired properties file.
        extension - extension to add to path
        Returns:
        true if the indicated file was read successfully, else false
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if this server is running
      • putPropertiesFromString

        public void putPropertiesFromString​(java.lang.String s)
        Puts properties from the supplied string argument. The relevant key value pairs are the same as those for the (web)server.properties file format, except that the 'server.' prefix should not be specified.
        Parameters:
        s - semicolon-delimited key=value pair string, e.g. silent=false;port=8080;...
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if this server is running
      • setAddress

        public void setAddress​(java.lang.String address)
        Sets the InetAddress with which this server's ServerSocket will be constructed. A null or empty string or the special value "0.0.0.0" can be used to bypass explicit selection, causing the ServerSocket to be constructed without specifying an InetAddress.
        Parameters:
        address - A string representing the desired InetAddress as would be retrieved by InetAddres.getByName(), or a null or empty string or "0.0.0.0" to signify that the server socket should be constructed using the signature that does not specify the InetAddress.
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if this server is running
      • setDatabaseName

        public void setDatabaseName​(int index,
                                    java.lang.String name)
        Sets the external name (url alias) of the i'th hosted database.
        Parameters:
        index - int
        name - external name (url alias) of the i'th HSQLDB database instance this server is to host.
      • setDatabasePath

        public void setDatabasePath​(int index,
                                    java.lang.String path)
        Sets the path of the hosted database. The path always starts with the catalog type. Examples of the path include: "file:mydir/mydb", "mem:mymemdb", "res:org/mydomain/mydbs/settingsdb".
        Parameters:
        index - int
        path - The path of the i'th HSQLDB database instance this server is to host.
      • setDefaultWebPage

        public void setDefaultWebPage​(java.lang.String file)
        Sets the name of the web page served when no page is specified.
        Parameters:
        file - the name of the web page served when no page is specified
      • setPort

        public void setPort​(int port)
        Sets the server listen port.
        Parameters:
        port - the port at which this server listens
      • setErrWriter

        public void setErrWriter​(java.io.PrintWriter pw)
        Sets the PrintWriter to which server errors are logged.

        Setting this attribute to null disables server error logging

        Parameters:
        pw - the PrintWriter to which server messages are logged
      • setLogWriter

        public void setLogWriter​(java.io.PrintWriter pw)
        Sets the PrintWriter to which server messages are logged.

        Setting this attribute to null disables server message logging

        Parameters:
        pw - the PrintWriter to which server messages are logged
      • setNoSystemExit

        public void setNoSystemExit​(boolean noExit)
        Sets whether this server calls System.exit() when shutdown.
        Parameters:
        noExit - if true, System.exit() will not be called.
      • setRestartOnShutdown

        public void setRestartOnShutdown​(boolean restart)
        Sets whether this server restarts on shutdown.
        Parameters:
        restart - if true, this server restarts on shutdown
      • setSilent

        public void setSilent​(boolean silent)
        Sets silent mode operation
        Parameters:
        silent - if true, then silent mode, else trace messages are to be printed
      • setTls

        public void setTls​(boolean tls)
        Sets whether to use secure sockets
        Parameters:
        tls - true for secure sockets, else false
        Throws:
        org.hsqldb.HsqlException - if this server is running
      • setTrace

        public void setTrace​(boolean trace)
        Sets whether trace messages go to System.out or the DriverManger PrintStream/PrintWriter, if any.
        Parameters:
        trace - if true, route JDBC trace messages to System.out
      • setDaemon

        public void setDaemon​(boolean daemon)
        No-op as deprecated.
        Parameters:
        daemon - ignored
      • setWebRoot

        public void setWebRoot​(java.lang.String root)
        Sets the path of the root directory from which web content is served.
        Parameters:
        root - the root (context) directory from which web content is served
      • setProperties

        public void setProperties​(java.util.Properties props)
                           throws java.io.IOException,
                                  ServerAcl.AclFormatException
        Sets server properties using the specified properties object
        Parameters:
        props - The object containing properties to set
        Throws:
        ServerAcl.AclFormatException - ACL list was requested but problem loading ACL.
        java.io.IOException - ACL list was requested but I/O problem loading ACL.
      • setProperties

        public void setProperties​(org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlProperties props)
                           throws java.io.IOException,
                                  ServerAcl.AclFormatException
        Sets server properties using the specified HsqlProperties object
        Parameters:
        props - The HsqlProperties object containing properties to set
        Throws:
        ServerAcl.AclFormatException - ACL list was requested but problem loading ACL.
        java.io.IOException - ACL list was requested but I/O problem loading ACL.
      • start

        public int start()
        Starts this server synchronously.

        This method waits for current state to change from SERVER_STATE_OPENNING. In order to discover the success or failure of this operation, server state must be polled or a subclass of Server must be used that overrides the setState method to provide state change notification.

        Returns:
        the server state noted at entry to this method
      • stop

        public int stop()
        Stops this server asynchronously.

        This method returns immediately, regardless of current state. In order to discover the success or failure of this operation, server state must be polled or a subclass of Server must be used that overrides the setState method to provide state change notification.

        Returns:
        the server state noted at entry to this method
      • notify

        public final void notify​(int id)
        This is called from org.hsqldb.DatabaseManager when a database is shutdown. This shuts the server down if it is the last database
        Specified by:
        notify in interface Notified
        Parameters:
        id - database id
      • shutdownCatalogs

        public void shutdownCatalogs​(int shutdownMode)
        Shuts down all the database served by this server. As a consequence, this server and any other server that is serving a subset of the databases will be shutdown, unless the server was started with server.remote_open property. The shutdownMode must be one of:
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY = 1
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_NORMAL = 2
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_COMPACT = 3
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_SCRIPT = 4
        Parameters:
        shutdownMode - a value between 1-4, usually 2 for NORMAL.
      • shutdownWithCatalogs

        public void shutdownWithCatalogs​(int shutdownMode)
        Shuts down this server and all the database served by this server. As a consequence, any other server that is serving a subset of the databases will be shutdown, unless the server was started with server.remote_open property. The shutdownMode must be one of:
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY = 1
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_NORMAL = 2
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_COMPACT = 3
        • org.hsqldb.Database.CLOSEMODE_SCRIPT = 4
        Parameters:
        shutdownMode - a value between 1-4, usually 2 for NORMAL.
      • shutdown

        public void shutdown()
        External method to shut down this server.
      • main

        public static void main​(java.lang.String[] args)
        Creates and starts a new Server.

        Allows starting a Server via the command line interface.

        Parameters:
        args - the command line arguments for the Server instance